Global Talent Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Global Talent - Assignment Example Becker, Huselid & Ulrich (2001) found that accessibility problems can arise in many forms including accessibility of value-added metric to acquire and accessibility of the value added by the metric after it has been acquired. In the current context, issue of accessing the value that the metric add to the organization after it has been acquired is what is being focused. In such a situation where there is lack of accessibility to value-added metrics, the first point of call in overcoming the situation should be the organizational structure. This is because where there is a bureaucratic and overly centralized organization structure, the flow of resources and even information across all quarters of the organization becomes highly limited. As a result of this, it is very difficult that all members within the organization can have a feel of the value added to the HR activity by the new metric. For example when the metric is used to collect data about employees, it could be that the outcome of such data will not be made known to the employees. In such a situation, chances are that employees can resist any future implementation of new metrics. This is because the employees will not have any basis on which they can justify or testify to the benefits of the metric. But where there is an open system being operated where the outcome of the value added by the metric is openly discussed, implementation will not be problem because all employees are likely to come on board and

Leadership in organizations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership in organizations - Term Paper Example Therefore, in asking this question, the expected answer that would demonstrate leadership in general, and the ability to lead Microsoft in particular would therefore comprise of the following fundamental leadership principles: Strong value system Leadership is defined in different parameters. Nevertheless, the common denominator for effective and successful leadership is that the leader at least believes in something, and consistently seeks self-improvement through strengthening the visionary attributes. Therefore, possessing a strong value system is a vital aspect of effective and successful leadership, considering that it makes the leader consistent in pursuing the goals of the organization, without being deterred by any challenges (Manfred and De Vries, 7). Take for example, Bill Gates has ranked on top of the richest people in the world, yet with all that money, he still woke up every day and headed to his place of work, until his retirement. Such characteristics can only be demo nstrated by a leader who really believes in something, and that belief gives him the drive to pursue the vision and the objectives of the organization every single day, even when money, fame and power is no longer the motivating factors, having already achieved them. Thus, the fundamental and the most important answer that would be expected of a candidate for the post of the Microsoft CEO, should comprise a statement indicating that the candidate is visionary, and has a strong value system, making it possible for the candidate to consistently pursue the vision of the organization. However, being visionary alone is not adequate to make an individual effective and successful leader, whenever it is devoid of the ability to construct the vision and the belief system into a solid and tangible construction that can be perceived by all the organizational stakeholders (Manfred and De Vries, 8). The vision of Microsoft over the past decades has been to transform and change the world. While t his can simply be categorized as a general, inarticulate and overambitious vision, it simply defines the great belief that Bill Gates and the organization had, to reach every part of the world and supply their products, to form a platform that would transform the whole world. Today, there is no denial that Microsoft has transformed the world, through making the dream of having a computer in every household in the world become virtually true, since even for those who do not have desktop computers, they have other gadgets that are utilizing the Microsoft developed software to run. Demonstrate a sense of humility, tolerance, tact and charisma In answering what defines the candidate’s leadership style, a sense of humility is among the most sought characteristic that the candidate should be able to demonstrate, among the fundamental principles that constitutes effective and successful leadership (Manfred and De Vries, 12). Good and effective leadership is characterized by humility , where the leader is not simply leading the organization through issuing orders and placing a firm hand on his employees, but where the leader becomes the example in accomplishing the objectives and visions of the organizat

World War II, The Good War

World War II, The Good War World War II marked a key turning point in world history as nations around the world were affected by the outcomes of the war for many years even after the war. Nevertheless, the good war thesis suggests that World War II was a just war. An analysis of the bigger picture comprising of the Great Depression leading up to the war, the war itself, and the postwar American development is crucial to the answer of whether the war was a good war. The United States had been stuck in the Great Depression since 1929 up to the war. This economic collapse took a toll on the society; many faced hunger, homelessness, and nutritional disorders. The biggest problem was unemployment. In 1933, one in three workers was unemployed and the economy was in dire need of government spending. (p. 676). Worse still, the financial collapse had triggered a global depression that affected the worlds economy. President Roosevelt managed to help America survive the financial collapse but it would take more than the New Deal to end the depression. Nevertheless, by the late 1930s, Americas financial system was more stable compared to that of the other industrialized nations. (p. 697) During the global depression, dictators, specifically Adolf Hitler, Emperor Hirohito, and Benito Mussolini, rose to power to spread totalitarianism across the world. The United States was initially divided on its involvement in the war but the attack on Pearl Harbor ended that debate. The United States entered the war against the Axis nations. The United States entered the war to stop the spread of Nazism and expose its horrible scheme of racial superiority to the world. The Allies goals were made clear in General Dwight Eisenhowers message to the troops fighting on D-Day stating that they will bring about the destruction of the German war machine [and] the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe.  [1]  In achieving this goal, the United States played an important role in liberating the Death camps in Europe. At these camps, American GIs witnessed firsthand the horror of Nazi brutalities. A picture taken at a concentration camp at Buchenwald shows Senator Alben Barkley looking sadly at the dead naked bodies staked up. The malnourished bodies and badly bruised heads showed that they had been tortured.  [2]  News and pictures that were taken exposed the evidence of Nazi atrocities to the world. In the end, the United States managed to stop the spread of the super race disease and the Allied v ictory meant that democracy too, had won.  [3]   While the United States fought for democracy across the world, African Americans still faced discrimination. As in the movie Liberators, African Americans had to fight to serve their own country.  [4]  Even when infantrymen were desperately needed, African Americans were only given menial chores. Finally, when they were allowed to serve in combat positions, they served in segregated armies. Nevertheless, the war gave African Americans a chance to show the world, especially Americans, that they were good, loyal fighters. One was Dorie Miller. When the USS West Virginia was attacked on Pearl Harbor, he left his kitchen job, picked up a weapon and fired attacks at the Japanese planes.  [5]  Despite segregation, African American GIs like Dorie Miller proved to be great combat and pilot fighters. However, the analysis of World War II would not be complete without a discussion of the war repercussions. This brutal war took the lives of fifty to sixty million soldiers and civilians.  [6]  Combat morale dropped as the war proceeded because soldiers were tired and hungry from sleepless nights and fighting. To exacerbate the situation, armies lost their comrades and it seemed that death had become a kind of epidemic.  [7]  Apart from that were the bombings of cities. These were hardships that Americans did not have to endure but rather hardships that the United States imposed on its enemies. In each bombing attack in Japan, incendiary bombs destroyed wooden homes and killed tens of thousands of civilians. The physical destruction from the war left major cities in Asia and Europe in ruins, while the United States was left almost untouched. Thus, the United States was in a better position after the war compared to the other nations. On the homefront, the power of the federal government grew immensely to coordinate the war production. Through his fireside chats, President Roosevelt urged Americans to contribute towards the war effort and told them that they could not afford to discriminate against women or African Americans in their employment practices.  [8]  Consequently, many women entered the workplace for the first time. However, the total war also restricted some civil liberties at home, especially for Japanese Americans. As many as 120,000 Japanese Americans were put into internment camps without due process for the fear that they might engage in spying and sabotage in support of the enemy.  [9]  Regardless, admitting that the internment was a national mistake, President Gerald Ford offered a proclamation in 1976 as an official apology including reparations payment to internment survivors.  [10]  Amidst this proclamation, the civil rights movement and act were already underway. The necessity of the total war offered the first real chance for mobility for African Americans and women at home and abroad. However, after the war, women lost their jobs and African Americans still faced segregation. This led to the civil rights movement which began after the war as the majority of [the] Negro soldiers [returned] home convinced that whatever betterment of their lot is achieved must come largely through their own efforts as stated by Walter White.  [11]  Beyond social mobility, the war gave African Americans the chance to serve their country and women the chance to experience working life. Therefore, the war provided African Americans and women a strong foundation for the fight for their civil rights. World War II also brought economic recovery to the United States at home and abroad far beyond what the New Deal could bring. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the unemployment rate fell to 7% and was lower than 4% in the postwar years.  [12]  It was a time of prosperity for the United States. Through the GI bill, returning GIs were able to attend college and purchase homes with low mortgages. Many started their own families, leading to the baby boom era. The American postwar prosperity was also expanded by foreign demand for American exports. As the other nations rebuilt from the destruction of the war, the needs of these nations could only be met by the United States, the nation that was left untouched by war-related destructions.  [13]  Not surprisingly, the United States became the most victorious and ready for economic development in the postwar years. On the political spectrum, however, the United States and the Soviet Union soon entered an arms race known as the Cold War. Americans feared the break out of a nuclear war as the threat of communism around the world intensified. The conflict between the two nations became the precursor to the Korean War in 1950, the Vietnam War in 1965, and the other global revolutions in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean. In conclusion, World War II, assessed in a larger picture, was indeed a just war. It put the American economy back on its feet and gave impetus to the civil rights movement that took place in the postwar years. Most importantly, the spread of Nazism ended while democracy prevailed. The United Nations was created to prevent another world war; although wars still took place, the impact and scale of these wars were in no way as large compared to World War II. In these senses, the United States fought for a good reason and the Allied victory set the United States for years of prosperity.

Research Paper: Models :: essays research papers

Research Paper: Models My research paper is going to consist of both a research paper and a album containing pictures that was collected. My research paper is going to provide information on what two guys imagine and think about when they think of women. These two guys are Mike, my friend and Timmy, my cousin. These guys are basically the guinea pigs in my experiment and their findings will be collected in the album. The other half of the research project is the paper that will not only explain the project but give information on the pressure that has been put on so many women to look like perfect and in many ways models. With the experiment, I handed both Mike and Timmy four magazines: two Mademoiselles and two Allures. I then asked them to go through them and rip out the pictures that they would want "their women" to look like. The collection of their ideal women is in the first half of the album. Notice that the pictures are mostly of models that are half dressed, thin and in provactedly positioned posies. The makeup on these women are all perfect and their hair is obviously not out of place. The selection of pictures not surprisingly were of women who not only were half dressed but also in their undergarments. The second half of the experiment was basically done in the same way; but this time I asked for them to tear out pictures that they would want their wives to look like. With four different magazines they tore out pictures of more conservetly dressed women. Their selection still consisted of beautiful women, only this time they were wearing clothes that the average person would be able to wear on the streets and not be called a dirty name. The women were still beautifully made up the a hair and makeup but this time it wasn't so dramatic; their poises were also "innocent"; I'm not surprised. But what did surprise me though was that their style in pajamas totally changed. In the first part of the experiment the two guys picked out the pictures of the women wearing what I would consider "tacky" nightgowns, but for their wives they picked out the pictures where "softer" and a lot less "showy" I guess at that point they did take into consideration that comfort is more important then what it looks like. These two guys, the guinea pigs, is a very small of a large majority of men with these expectations. From the information that I gathered from the guys, Mike and

The Advantages of Being Legal

There are many arguments on the question of whether or not to legalize marijuana. The benefits of legalizing marijuana include its medicinal value and its many uses to produce commercial products like paper, rope, oil, textiles, and canvas. Another good reason to legalize marijuana is that hundreds of thousands of non-violent drug offenders are overpopulating prisons, costing taxpayers millions of dollars. Legalization would also put marijuana dealers out of business and it would bring revenue to the government like alcohol and tobacco does. Some opposition to legalizing marijuana is that traffic atalities would increase, and that more people like school teachers and bus drivers would be smoking legally purchased marijuana. They also believe that more young people would smoke more marijuana. Marijuana is medicine and has been used as medicine for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of ailments. It is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known. Marijuana is often useful in the treatment of cancer, AIDS, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and chronic pain. For cancer patients, marijuana alleviates the nausea, vomiting, and loss f appetite caused by chemotherapy treatment. It does the same for people with AIDS. By reducing intraocular pressure, marijuana helps slow or halt the gradual increasing eye pressure suffered by glaucoma patients. Marijuana reduces the muscle pain and spastically caused by multiple sclerosis. It also helps some patients control their bladders. With some epileptic patients, marijuana prevents seizures. Marijuana is also a very effective pain reliever. Hemp, a plant mainly grown for its use as a fiber source, is from the same plant that produces marijuana. It is different because industrial hemp is grown with minute amounts of delta-9 and tetrahydrocannibinol, abbreviated as THC, which is the element in marijuana that gives the high sensation’. Industrial hemp is one of nature’s strongest and most versatile agricultural crops. It can be used to produce various things such as textiles, paper, clothing, plastics, cosmetics, food stuffs, insulation, and animal feed. Hemp seeds can be used to make high protein foods and the oil can be used to produce non-toxic paint, varnish, detergent, diesel fuel, ink, and lubricating oil. One acre of hemp produces as much fiber as two to three acres of cotton and one acre also produces as much paper as two to four acres of trees. The advantage of using paper products produced by hemp is that hemp’s growing cycle is around one hundred days, while it takes trees years to grow to produce the same amount of paper. Hemp was cultivated in the U. S. until 1937, when the Marijuana Tax Act outlawed marijuana. In 1942 the government encouraged American farmers to cultivate hemp for the war effort, but then in 1955 prohibitionists had reasserted a total ban on production. Now the DEA, Drug Enforcement Administration, remains firmly opposed to any notion of revising the federal laws to allow hemp’s domestic cultivation. Every year 400,000 Americans are arrested for marijuana and thousands of them are sent to prison. Marijuana users and dealers account for sixty percent of all prisoners today. Because of new anti-drug laws, these prisoners can be jailed for up to thirty years, and most are, even for minor crimes. Federal and State governments are spending billions to build more prisons to house hundreds of thousands of non-violent drug offenders. Legalization would kill the black market for marijuana. Marijuana sales would be regulated by state and federal governments. It would also help the economy by a reduction in law enforcement costs, and police could focus more on dangerous drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and crystal meth. Some people who oppose the legalization of marijuana say that traffic fatalities would increase. The myth is that 40% of drug related emergency room visits are marijuana related. The fact is that this statistic purposely excludes the legal drug of alcohol, a drug notorious for causing violence and accidents. A marijuana related emergency room visit does not mean marijuana caused the incident. If the patient admits to using marijuana days or weeks before the incident or if someone involved in the incident is found only possessing marijuana, then the emergency room admission is counted as marijuana related. At first, the amount of people using marijuana may increase. The idea that people like school teachers, day care providers, and bus drivers smoking legally purchased marijuana and endangering others is something that should not be worried about. Do these people drink alcohol before going to work or smoke igarettes during work They are mostly responsible adults and if they choose to smoke the legally purchased marijuana, they would do it responsibly. Most recreational marijuana smokers will continue to smoke even if marijuana is never legalized. I was forced to temporarily quit smoking because of the system. I used to occasionally smoke until my room was searched at the college I attended freshman year. I felt that my personal rights were violated when every room on my hall was searched after someone set off a firework. The search was conducted by a R. A. a person who is my age, and it was done without my roommate or I present. Nothing was left in plain sight, in fact, all of the paraphernalia was found in a backpack which was in a filing cabinet that was in my closet. I felt as though I did not commit a crime, but as though I was the victim. As former president Lincoln said, Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man’s appetite by legislation, and a makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded.

Effects of Temperature on Catalase

QUEENSLAND ACADEMY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE Term 1 2013 SUBJECT: BIOLOGY YEAR 11 HL & SL Name of Student: Name of Teacher: FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ITEM: Chemistry of Life Practical Investigation Term 1 Task: Investigation of a Factor Affecting Enzyme ActionAspects Assessed: D DCP CE MS Introduction:Thousands of enzymes are found in living cells. In addition to making life possible, many enzymes have numerous applications that affect our daily lives in other ways such as food processing, clinical diagnoses, sewage treatment, and the textile industry.In this activity you will investigate how a particular factor influences the action of an enzyme. Conditions: Students are NOT required to design an experiment. Experimental design has been provided for you to use instead. You are however required to submit a Risk Assessment for the investigation. Students are to work independently. However, you will need to collect raw data from 4 other students to make the 6 trials. T he final version is to be submitted to TURNITIN and then class teacher. A journal will need to be included as part of the final submission.Time Allowed: 4 weeksDue Dates Task Out first lesson week1, term 1, 2013Risk Ass Due: last Lesson week 2, Term 1, 2013Final: First lesson week 6, Term 1, 2013Procedure: Your task is to investigate the effect of temperature on the activity of enzyme catalase found in beef liver. Use the experimental design and the BioLab Guide provided to assist with your report write up.Safety Considerations:You must have the risk assessment checked before continuing. NOTE: For this task you are required to submit a journal which documents your progress. You are also required to include photographs which display the techniques you used in the experimental procedures. This evidence will be used in assessing your manipulative skills in this experiment| RESULTS: REFER TO the Assessment Grading Matrix| Effect of temperature on the activity of Catalase Design Aspect 1: Research QuestionThis lab will be driven by the research question, Do changes in temperature (from 0? C, 7? C, 19? C, 37? C, and 100? C) have an effect on the activity of the enzyme catalase (found in beef liver) in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide? Hypothesis If liver is placed in different temperatures of 0? C, 7? C, 19? C, 37? C, and 100? C and hydrogen peroxide is added to each piece of liver, then the liver placed in 37? C will have the largest reaction height. The liver in 100? C will have the smallest reaction height, followed by the liver in 0? C, then 7? C, and then 19?C. Introduction Pearson Baccalaureate: Standard Level Biology Developed Specifically for the IB Diploma defines enzymes as â€Å"protein molecules which act as catalysts for reactions. As catalysts, the real function of enzymes is to lower the activation energy of the reactions that they catalyze† (166). Enzymes are proteins; therefore the liver has a particularly high concentration of catalase. W hen hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is added to liver, catalase catalyzes a reaction in which the hydrogen peroxide is broken down into oxygen gas (O2) and liquid water (H2O).Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic chemical that is produced as a byproduct of many normal cellular reactions, so it is crucial that catalase in the liver breaks the hydrogen peroxide down into the two harmless substances of oxygen gas and liquid water. The hydrogen peroxide must be quickly degraded or converted, and catalase accomplishes this task because one molecule of catalase can deal with six million molecules of hydrogen peroxide in one minute. Enzymes and the temperature of their environment are particularly important to the human ody because â€Å"Many of the reactions which represent the digestive process would need far higher temperatures than we are able to maintain safely if enzymes were not involved† (166). The prediction in the hypothesis is based on the concept of denaturation. As Pearson Baccalaureat e: Standard Level Biology Developed Specifically for the IB Diploma states, â€Å"Reactions which use enzymes do have an upper limit. That limit is based on the temperature at which the enzyme (as a protein) begins to lose its three-dimensional shape due to intramolecular bonds being stressed and broken.When an enzyme loses it shape, including the shape of the active site, it is said to be denatured† (75). Due to denaturation, the liver placed in 100? C will have the smallest reaction height because at this temperature catalase will begin to denature. Because â€Å"reactions with or without enzymes will increase their reaction rate as temperature (and thus molecular motion) increases†, the liver placed in 0? C, 7? C, and 19? C will have small reaction heights, but the heights will increase as temperature increases (75). The liver placed in 37?C will have the greatest reaction height because â€Å"human catalase works at an optimum temperature of 37? C, which is approx imately the temperature of the human body†. Although this lab is using beef liver instead of a human liver, the optimum temperature for beef liver should be similar to that of humans. The predictive graph on the previous page represents how as the temperature of beef liver originally increases, the height of the reaction increases as well due to an increase in molecular collisions. At a certain temperature, the catalase will reach its optimum temperature and have the greatest height of reaction.However, as the temperature continues to increase the enzyme will begin to lose its shape and denature, so the height of the reaction will decrease. This lab will be using beef liver, which contains the specific enzyme catalase, and by placing the liver into different temperatures it will be assessed how catalase performs under certain conditions. After the liver has been placed in different temperatures, hydrogen peroxide will be added to each piece of liver, and by measuring the heigh t of the chemical reaction it will be determined which temperatures catalase performs the best in.Reactions with a high height will represent catalase quickly and efficiently breaking down the hydrogen peroxide, and reactions with a low height will represent catalase slowly and inefficiently breaking down the hydrogen peroxide. This lab will serve as a model for the role of enzymes in the human body, and will outline the importance of enzymes for the human body. Independent Variables The independent variable is the temperature of the liver, and it will be measured in ? C. The different temperatures used will be 0? C, 7? C, 19? C, 37? C, and 100? C. Dependent VariablesThe dependent variable is the height of the reaction, and the bubbles of gas produced will be measured in millimetres (mm). Control Variables Table 1: Control variables and their treatments Variable | Effect | Control | Size of liver | Could increase or decrease the height of the reaction. A larger piece of liver means more catalase, which could break down the H2O2 at a more efficient rate than smaller pieces of liver. | Cut every piece of liver the same size by weighing each piece on an electric beam balance. Each piece of liver is approximately 1. 4g. pH | pH has an effect on enzymes and each enzyme has an optimal pH. By making the liver more acidic, basic, or neutral the height of the reaction could increase or decrease as it deviates from its optimal pH. | Do not change the pH of any of the solutions. This lab is only investigating the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, not the effect of pH on enzyme activity, so nothing should be added to the liver that would increase or decrease the pH. | Time | If some pieces of liver are kept in their specific temperatures longer than others, the height of the reaction could be greatly affected.By keeping the liver in its temperature for a shorter period of time, the liver itself has less time to change temperature which could greatly alter the resu lts. | Keep all of the pieces of liver in their specified temperatures for five minutes. | Size of test tube| Different sized test tubes will hold different volumes of O2 and will give incorrect measurements with the ruler| Keep all the test tubes the same size – with volume of 30cm3| Uncontrolled Variables The variables that will be difficult to control include air pressure in the lab and the volume of the liver.Measures will be taken to reduce the effect of these on the experiment by keeping air conditioning at 24? C and cutting the liver close to the same shape and size. Control Experiment The control experiment for this investigation will be the experimental setup at 0? C. All the steps in the method will be followed at this temperature. At 0? C the experiment should not proceed as the energy needed for enzyme action is unavailable. Design Aspect 2: Materials and Equipment Needed 10 Test Tubes 1 Package of Beef Liver 2 250mL Beakers 2 Test Tube Racks 1Forceps 1 Hot Plate 1LIce 1 Plastic Bin 20 mlHydrogen Peroxide 100 mL Beaker 1 10mL Graduated Cylinder 5 Thermometers 1 Sharpie 1 Electronic Beam Balance 1 Knife Method 1. Prepare an ice bath by placing ice into a container, and place a thermometer into the ice bath. Wait until the temperature has reached 0? C. 2. Prepare two more water baths like this at 7? C and 19? C. (You can replace these two temperatures with that of the fridge and room) 3. Prepare a hot water bath by placing a 250mL beaker filled with water on a hot plate, and place a thermometer into the water. Wait until the temperature has reached 100? C. You can use and electric water bath if one is available. . Prepare a warm water bath by placing a 250mL beaker filled with water on a hot plate, and place a thermometer into the water. Wait until the temperature has reached 37? C. You can use and electric water bath if one is available. 5. Obtain beef liver and cut the liver into 10 slices which are approximately the same size. Weigh each sl ice on an electronic beam balance to ensure they are the same weight. 6. Obtain 10 test tubes and place them into a test tube rack. Label 5 test tubes with a number from 1-5, and repeat for the remaining five test tubes. 7. Obtain 15mL of hydrogen peroxide and a graduated cylinder. . With forceps, place a piece of liver into each of the test tubes. 9. After the liver has been placed in the test tubes labelled 3, place a thermometer into the test tube rack and wait for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, pour 2mL of hydrogen peroxide into each of the test tubes, observe the reaction, and label the height of the reaction after 1 minute with a Sharpie. (This is the experiment at room temperature. If you have prepared a water bath at 19? C then use it instead). 10. Remove both of the test tubes labelled 1 from the test tube rack, place them in the ice bath, and wait for 5 minutes.After 5 minutes, remove the test tubes from the ice bath, add 2mL of hydrogen peroxide into each of the test tubes, observe the reaction, and label the height of the reaction after 1 minute. 11. Remove both of the test tubes labelled 2 from the test tube rack, place them in a different test tube rack and place this rack into the fridge. Place a thermometer into the fridge as well. Wait for 5 minutes, and then read the temperature of the fridge and remove the test tubes. Pour 2mL of hydrogen peroxide into each of the test tubes, observe the reaction, and label the height of the reaction after 1 minute. If you have prepared a water bath at 7? C then use it instead). 12. Remove both of the test tubes labelled 4 from the test tube rack, place them in the warm water bath (37? C), and wait for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, remove the test tubes from the warm water bath, add 2mL of hydrogen peroxide into each of the test tubes, observe the reaction, and label the height of the reaction after 1 minute. 13. Remove both of the test tubes labelled 5 from the test tube rack, place them in the hot water bath (1 00? C), and wait for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, remove the test tubes from the hot water bath, add 2mL of ydrogen peroxide into each of the test tubes, observe the reaction, and label the height of the reaction after 1 minute. 14. With a ruler, measure from the bottom of the test tube to the mark which labels the maximum height of the reaction after 1 minute. Repeat this for all 10 test tubes, and record the measurements in your data table. 15. Pour the liver from each test tube into a waste beaker, clean each of the test tubes out, and put all materials away. 16. Combine the data that your own group obtained with the data from two other groups.This will allow for six trials worth of data, and once you obtain this sufficient amount of data, calculate the average height of the reaction for each of the five temperatures over the six trials, and then calculate the standard deviation for each of the five temperatures over the six trials as well. Variable | Unit of Precision | Error/Unc ertainty | Temperature | ? C | +/- 0. 5? C | Height | mm | +/- 0. 5mm | In the procedure, the maximum height of the reaction will be determined by marking the position of the tallest bubble that results from the reaction. Practical Safety and Risk AssessmentAll care will be taken when dealing with hot plate and hot water to prevent burning and scalding. The knife and glassware will be used carefully and hand gloves will be worn when handling hydrogen peroxide. Note the following hazards with hydrogen peroxide: Contact with eyes can cause serious long term damage. The solution is corrosive and can cause skin burns. For eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water. For skin contact, wash off with plenty of water. Liver | 15 ml of Hydrogen peroxide | Liver | 15 ml of Hydrogen peroxide | Setup Diagram Design Aspect 3 Sufficiency of DataThis lab will be investigating the effect of temperature on the activity of the enzyme catalase. In this lab, five different temperatures wil l be investigated (0? C, 7? C, 19? C, 37? C, 100? C). Each temperature will have six trials, and this will ensure the reliability of the data. With the sufficient data, the standard deviation and mean will be calculated for each temperature. The rate of reaction at the different temperatures will also be calculated. DCP Aspect 1: Results – Raw Data Table 2: (Insert Title) | Height of Reaction| Temperature | | | | | | | 0. 0 | | | | | | | 7. 0 | | | | | | | 19. 0 | | | | | | | 37. | | | | | | | 100. 0 | | | | | | | Insert data with all units and uncertainties. Ensure decimals of the raw data and the uncertainty is the same. Highlight your own data. Note: The highlighted data is the data obtained by me. The rest of the data has been collected from (insert names). Qualitative Observations: In a paragraph answer the following questions: What happens after adding hydrogen peroxide to each of the test tubes? Discuss size of bubbles, fizz, shape of liver, etc. Did you see any colour change? Include at least 2 photographs (clear, preferably in colour) with commentary as evidence of your observations.DCP Aspect 2: Processing Data Table 3: Statistical Processing – The following sample calculations will be done for the raw data Statistical Analysis| Formulae| Meaning of Symbols| Sample Calculation| Mean| | The mean or averagesum of sample measurements number of samples | = | Statistical Analysis| Formulae| Meaning of Symbols| Sample Calculation| Standard Deviation| | S = standard deviationx = each individual valueX = mean of all measurements= deviation from mean = degrees of freedom| Calculated in Microsoft Excel(show Excel screen clip)| Rate of Reaction| | | |Complete this table Table 4: (Insert Title) | Height of Reaction| | | Temperature | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Trial 4 | Trial 5 | Trial 6 | Average Height of Reaction | Standard Deviation (mm +/- 0. 5mm) | Rate of reaction(mm/min +/- 1. 0)| 0. 0 | | | | | | | | | | 7. 0 | | | | | | | | | | 19. 0 | | | | | | | | | | 37. 0 | | | | | | | | | | 100. 0 | | | | | | | | | | Insert data with all units and uncertainties. Ensure decimals of the raw data and the uncertainty is the same. DCP Aspect 3: Presentation of Processed DataGraph 1: (Insert title) Draw a graph of temperature vs. average height of reaction. Ensure to include the title, labels and scales of axes, units and uncertainties, vertical error bars and line of best fit (if applicable). Write up to 4 sentences commentary under the graph outlining the trend. State what the error bars represent. Graph 2: (Insert title) Draw a graph of temperature vs. rate of reaction. Ensure to include the title, labels and scales of axes, units and uncertainties, vertical error bars and line of best fit (if applicable).Write up to 4 sentences commentary under the graph outlining the trend. State what the error bars represent. CE Aspect 1: Conclusion The results obtained from this lab support/reject my hypothesis. My hypothesis was: (state hy pothesis here). By viewing the average height of the reaction, these results are supported/rejected. The liver placed in 37 °C had an average reaction height of (state) mm, (also state the average reaction heights of the other experimental setups). This data coincides/differs with the predictions stated in the hypothesis, where I stated â€Å"The liver in 100?C (complete). † By observing the constructed graph in Introduction, it is clear that the average height of the reaction initially increased as the temperature increased, but when temperatures increased past optimum (37 °C), (complete). Graph 1 constructed from the obtained data shows (discuss Graph 1). Graph 2 shows (discuss Graph 2). These results outline the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, and it is apparent that changes in temperature do/do not have an effect on the enzyme catalase. Conclusion ExplanationThe results obtained give increased insight into the role of enzymes in the human body. The beef live r closely modelled the human liver, and it is clear that catalase works best at an optimum temperature of (state). This is important because humans maintain a stable body temperature of (state), and with the aid of enzymes this temperature provides enough activation energy for metabolic reactions, in this case the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas and liquid water. (Discuss why the liver placed in lower temperatures and 100 °C did not react well.Remember to cite the references used correctly). CE Aspect 2: Evaluation: Reliability While the results obtained from this lab clearly support/reject my hypothesis, the examination of the calculated standard deviation for each temperature (discuss STDEV). This range in standard deviation is due to errors that may have occurred throughout the lab. The liver placed in 0? C had a standard deviation of (sate), the liver placed in (discuss other STDEV’s). The larger the standard deviation, the less/more reliable the data. Al so discuss error bars and number of trials. Note: larger error bars = less reliable data; more trials = more reliable data). Errors/Limitations in Experimental procedure List as many errors you think may have occurred in the experimentation – from measurement as the reaction was slow, to timing, to others you can think of (preferably 5). Discuss how each of the errors could have affected your data. Significance Write a paragraph on how much the errors listed above could have impacted on your experiment’s reliability. CE Aspect 3: Suggestions for Improvements:For each of the errors mentioned above (about 5) suggest what can be done to improve this experiment in the future. Also state how these improvements will help. References Damon, Alan, Randy McGonegal, Patricia Tosto, and William Ward. Pearson Baccalaureate: Standard Level Biology for the IB Diploma (Pearson International Baccalaureate Diploma: International Editions). n/a: Imprint Unknown, 2008. Print. â€Å"Effe ct of Catalase on Hydrogen Peroxide. † http://www. sciencegeek. net/Biology/biopdfs/Lab_Catalase. pdf. (25 Jan. 2013). (Add your own references)