Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology - 1163 Words

Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Abnormal Psychology PSY 410 January 30, 2012 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology For many years, various forms of madness have been noted in every culture. Multitudes of theories, as well as some myths, have been developed to explain such conditions. Society’s opinion on what was considered abnormal was based on such phenomenon as paranormal forces, the anger of the gods, the influence of the moon, unstable personality, hereditary factors, and debauchery (Frude, 1998). History shows that theorists continue to develop a variety of theories to explain psychological disorders. These theories usually fall in one of three basic categories: mystical/supernatural (possession of†¦show more content†¦Scientific advances in mental illness were virtually nonexistent during the Middle Ages. Spiritual causes ruled, and those with psychological disorders were classified as morally weak, or were accused of forbidden practices, such as those associated with witchery, sorcery, and the devil (Damour Hansell, 2005). â€Å"Witch hunts† were more common at the height of the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe, accusing many of the mentally ill of practicing witchcraft. Various attempts were made over the years to encourage just treatment of the mentally ill, and various voices of reason attempted to eliminate the stigma of abnormal behavior. Emil Kraepelin began using scientific methods to classify mental disorders by concentrating on the biological characteristics of mental disorders (Frude, 1998). Kraepelin’s approach resulted in a closer alliance between psychiatry and medicine, believing that a chemical imbalance was to blame for schizophrenia and that a metabolism abnormality caused manic depression (Frude, 1998). Numerous core concepts in psychology have influenced explanations of abnormal behavior. Models for explaining abnormal behavior throughout history (historical relativism), and the principle of stressing the assimilation of different perspectives (multiple causality) have helped differentiate between predisposing and precipitating causes of abnormal behavior. The connection between mind and body has become the most modern model, signifying that both biologicalShow MoreRelatedHistorical Perspective of Abnormal Psychology1014 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Running head: ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Historical Perspective of Abnormal Psychology [Students Name] [Name and Section no of Course] [Instructors Name] [Date] Introduction Abnormal psychology can be defined as the study of mental disorders. It includes the topics and problems that are very common in our daily lives. TV, newspapers, magazines and websites, frequently expose the cases of celebrities and famous personalities that suffer from drinking, eating or some other kind of mental disorderRead MoreHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology1320 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Susan Hardin University of Phoenix Abnormal Psychology PSY/410 Krisit Lane, Ph.D. October 25, 2011 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Historical perspectives of abnormal psychology sounds complicated, mainly due to the differing definitions, or interpretations, of what is considered abnormal. Identifying someone at work or in a social situation who appears to be behaving abnormally is easier to spot than it is to define theRead MoreAbnormal Psychology967 Words   |  4 PagesAbnormal Psychology Roshaun Hatchett PSY/410 April 25, 2012 Dr. Christopher Daub Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology has been in existence for more than a century. 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Notably, the identification of a better model or perspective that explains psychopathology better than other models continue to elicit varied debates. The prevalence of psychopathology and abnormal behavior is explained by the psychodynamicRead MoreAccording To Erchul Martens (2012), The Earliest Consultation1202 Words   |  5 Pagesand his team traveled to the clinics and met with the individuals and their caretaker, which later became known as â€Å"consultees.† During these meetings, supportive, collegial discussion with the caretaker helped these caretakers to have different perspective that lead to how they effectively dealt with their consultees’ problem behaviors. 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Cultivating my understanding of psychology regarding its historical transformations, applied research methods, significance of ethics, and statistical relevance will undoubtedly profit my upcoming graduate degree program and the future of my career in the field of psychology. The wide array of studies in behavior and cross-cultural applications will communication skills required in relations to my clientsRead MoreEassy in Gujarati2422 Words   |  10 PagesMaster of Arts Part-II    Paper - V System amp; Theories in Psychology    Objective : To acquaint the students with systems and theories in psychology.    The Scheme of the Question Paper : 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The paper will consist of five units. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   There will be two chapter in each unit. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every chapter in the unit should be given equal weightage in the examination. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Question paper should be drawn with the Internal Option in such a way that students should not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   omit any chapter

The Simpsons Are Sociologically Savvy a Postmodernist Perspective Free Essays

string(42) " the point of absurdity† \(2004 p264\)\." The Simpsons are Sociologically Savvy: a Postmodernist Perspective Using The Simpsons, a long-running American animated continuing series, as a case study I will analyse the links between audiences, production and text in the creation of meaning. Using a triangulated approach of close textual reading, and theoretical models of post-modernism and queer theory to question the role of agenda setting in contemporary society, I will identify particular mechanisms of agenda setting within this example. The Simpsons, described by Paul Cantor (1999) is a â€Å"postmodern re-creation of the first generation family sit-com† (p738) which can be used effectively to illustrate innovative and radical themes and encourages critical thinking. We will write a custom essay sample on The Simpsons Are Sociologically Savvy: a Postmodernist Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now David Arnold (2001) describes The Simpsons as â€Å"an irresponsible text, one rich in associations and connotations [†¦] a self-parodic, self-referential pastiche of previous texts† (p264). I will endeavour to show that despite the fact that The Simpsons is associated with cartoons, which in their very nature are assumed to be childish and frivolous, it is because of all of the above associations that the postmodern Simpsons are useful as a pedagogical tool (Hobbs, 1998) and can be used to teach adults and children various sociological issues including sexual identities and hegemony. The Simpsons lends itself to be a vehicle of a ‘media-virus’ which according to Douglas Rushkoff (1994) can carry [the] â€Å"revolutionary message conveyed in an apparently innocent, neutral package† (cited in Irwin et Al 2001 p254). Such programmes appear to have proven to be the most acceptable and accessible spaces to show such subjects as gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (glbt) identities because of their separation from reality. Arnold (2001) claims that the ridiculousness of the funny yellow looking characters who pop up on your television and look almost human, but with crazy storylines and unbelievable un-human like behaviours â€Å"increase their ability to function as satiric signifiers† (p262). It’s because of their unfeasibility, their â€Å"lack of seriousness† that Diane Raymond (2003 cited in Dines Humez) maintains allows programmes like The Simpsons to â€Å"†¦play with themes under cover of humour where those themes might be too volatile or even too didactic for another sort of audience† (p101). The Simpsons creators and writers rely on the history of other shows and they take from them all the best titbits rewarding their viewers according to Rushkoff (2004) with â€Å"a-ha moments† or â€Å"pattern recognition† (p296). Whether it is Maggie in ‘A Streetcar Named Marge’ (1992, 9F18) attempting to rescue her dummy-tit at Springfield’s day-care centre to the theme tune of The Great Escape by Elmer Bernstein. Or when Homer arrives to pick her up some of the babies are precariously perched and watch on, which to the media literate is an obvious spoof of The Birds a classic Hitchcock movie from 1963. The wedding scene from The Graduate is spoofed in ‘One fish, two fish, blowfish’ (1991, 7F11) where Homer bangs on the living room window and shouts â€Å"Marge† at the top of his voice. ‘Lisa’s Substitute’ (1991, SF19), is where we see yet another classic scene from the The Graduate, where the substitute teacher is seen at the front of the class through Mrs Krabappel’s leg which is hitched up on the desk and Bart’s teacher says those famous words â€Å"Mrs. Krabappel, you’re trying to seduce me. Some of the audience, children moreover adults may see the ridiculousness of the scenes as ‘funny’ but may not see the more hidden intertextual message due to their time spent viewing media texts. However David Buckingham (2001) claims that children are more active, and sophisticated users [†¦] that they see much more television and are able to detect and decipher the â€Å"formal codes and conventions about gen re and narrative, and about the production process† (cited in Barker and Petely 2001). These pieces of intertextual fragmented texts have different connotations to different ‘readers’. For example in The Graduate the storyline, for the chief protagonist, was about the coming of age and losing his virginity and the power it gave him, this ‘revolutionary message’ would not be available in prime-time viewing unless such a vehicle as The Simpsons made it accessible through its animation. Ironically The Simpsons was created to be a ‘bridging device’ for The Tracy Ullman Show to cross from the main parts of the show into adverts (Rushkoff 2004 p295). The Simpsons became more popular than the host show and Matt Groening the show’s creator was offered $10m and a 13 episode series at FOX Television (Ibid p295). According to Allen Larson (2004) technological advances, the availability of cable, federal deregulation and corporate consolidation were already in place from the 1980s and 90s but the media conglomerates further assisted the development of corporations like FOX Television which refined prime time sit-coms and the commodification of the audience, they â€Å"re-imagined, and re-exploited profit maximisation† (cited in Stabile Harrison 2004 p56). At the onset of the 90s production costs for a show like The Simpsons would have cost around $600,000 (Mallory 1996, Karlin 1993b cited in Stabile Harrison p56) and so attention to attracting the widest demographic was crucial. Merchandising to children was the future as the cable-age children had already become consumers and so the conglomerates â€Å"turned the full force of their attention towards maximising the potential revenue streams provided by children†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ibid pp57-59). USA Today reported in 2009 that in the previous year â€Å"Consumers worldwide spent more than $750 million on Simpsons-related licensed merchandise [†¦]† (Lieberman, 2009). Television programming is not only programming the viewer’s sets but the viewers themselves in order to sell them a product (Rushkoff 2004, p293) [†¦] which would prove why â€Å"advertisers spent $314. 8 million [in 2008] on the prime-time show on Fox and reruns that local stations air†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lieberman, 2009). Postmodernism points toward the fact that we no longer create anything other than the texts made up from the materials which already existed and we patch them together to make fun of that which is present and now. Furthermore there is a notion of ‘it doesn’t get any better than this’ The Simpsons uses all the good bits from the past to fill the present, history is no longer being made it could be perceived. Arnold claims that The Simpsons â€Å"†¦lampoon and amplifies that culture’s foibles up to and beyond the point of absurdity† (2004 p264). You read "The Simpsons Are Sociologically Savvy: a Postmodernist Perspective" in category "Essay examples" Jameson is in agreement (1984 and 1991) he insists that postmodernism has a â€Å"new depthlessness† and that globalised late capitalism does not allow for the text to be critically analysed but commodified and consumed. Jameson states that â€Å"they no longer simply ‘quote,’ as a Joyce or a Mahler might have done, but incorporate into their very substance† (1991 p3). Intertextual referencing is key to how The Simpsons works as a postmodern text, although legible to the avid reader of texts, a certain amount of media literacy is required which has taken many decades to achieve, leaving the adult to appreciate the intertextuality of high culture embedded in the ‘funny animation’. The timing with which The Simpsons emerged into mainstream television has proven to be crucial- The Simpsons could not have thrived on prime-time network television unless it was embraced by an audience so advanced in â€Å"TV literacy† that they are able to recognize and relish the signs and symbols from TV culture which the show continuously throws at them (Bj? rnsson 2006). In various episodes The Simpsons have portrayed many sociological concepts, for example; Aging and health in ‘Stark Raving Dad’ (1991, 7F24); Class and socioeconomic status in ‘Burns’ Heir’ (1994, 1F16); Crime law and criminal justice in ‘Homer the Vigilante’ (1F09). Homer has dealt with the urge to cheat on his wife Marge ‘The Last Temptation of Homer’ and ‘Life on The Fast Lane’ (1993, IF07 1990, 7G11). The horror of war was tackled in ‘The Principal and the Pauper’ (1997, 4F23) and homosexuality in ‘Homer’s Phobia’ (1997, 4F11) (The Simpsons Archive, 2010). It is this last issue of other sexual identities in The Simpsons which I will be analysing using queer theory as an analytical framework. â€Å"Queer is a category in flux† according to Raymond (2003, cited in Dines Humez p98). Historically the term was used in a negative or derogatory manner, although most recently the term is used to identify marginalised identities such as gay, lesbian bisexual and transgender (glbt). Queer theory identifies â€Å"a body of knowledge connected to but not identical with lesbian/gay studies† (Ibid p98). According to Raymond (2003) queer theory emerged in the 1960s and 1970s and â€Å"unlike their earlier theoretical forebears like Marxism and feminism †¦ [do not demand] exclusive theoretical allegiance or hegemony (Ibid p99). Instead it asks; what is the point in asking why someone is gay? Or what is the function the question of causation serves in the culture and in ideology? † Queer theorists look less at the nature/nurture argument of Charles Darwin and in addition ask that we see the term as ‘fluid’ and not ‘fixed’. ‘Homer’s Phobia’ (1997, 4F11) looks at Homer and his homophobic behaviour when he meets and befriends a gay man John who is voiced by writer and director John Waters of the critically acclaimed and very camp film ‘Hairspray’. John sells kitsch collectibles in a shopping mall and enjoys chatting to his customers. John tries to explain to Homer what ‘camp’ means when he is showing him around the shop which Homer doesn’t understand. To explain John says that camp is â€Å"The tragically ludicrous? The ludicrously tragic? † When Homer still doesn’t get it, he adds â€Å"†¦more like inflatable furniture or Last Supper TV trays† The penny finally drops as Homer has made a connection, albeit a financial one, and replies â€Å"and that kinda stuff is worth money? †¦Man you should come over to our place †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It’s full of valuable worthless crap†. John’s views â€Å"echoes cultural critic Andrew Ross’ argument that camp is primarily concerned with reconstituting history’s trash as reasure† (Cunningham 2003). Ross (1989) writes â€Å"The knowledge about history is the precise moment when camp takes over, because camp involves a rediscovery of history’s waste† (p151, cited in Cunningham 2003). This piece also serves to confirm Medhurst’s claim that camp â€Å"is now absolutely everywhere† (1997 p289 cited in Sullivan, p194) and so Homer has become completely blind to it. Homer has not realised John is gay even though there have been quite a few stereotypical ‘a-ha moments’ (Rushkoff, p296) or ‘knowing nods’ to his sexual identity. John has knowledge of female Hollywood actresses and gossip, an appreciation of Marge’s hair John even answers in a ‘camp’ manner with â€Å"my heart is palpitating, hoo hoo†. Marge conversely has determined John’s sexual identity and later, at home, informs Homer of it (much to his disgust). This may signal that the producers are aware of how different people have different ‘cultural capital’ (Bourdieu, 1977) or that Marge and women for that matter are more adept at reading the signals in media-represented images of sexual identities and can see the signifiers due to the time spent watching television. It may also signify the ways in which gay men have been ‘reduced’ to the status of women i. e. engaging in tittle-tattle and pointing out good hair-dos. According to Gross (1995) misinformation and gay stereotyping in the media is due to â€Å"lack of first-hand knowledge of gays and lesbians† (cited in Raymond 2003). Media texts are ‘polysemic’, meaning they have many meanings to many people, although Stuart Hall (1980) states the texts do not have an infinite number of interpretations as they â€Å"remain structured in dominance†. Nicholas Abercrombie (1996) claims that â€Å"audiences are not blank pieces of paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p140 cited in Hanes 2000). Reception Studies agree that the meaning is not inherent within the text itself and that the audience create the meanings using their own cultural capital. Morley’s reception study ‘Nationwide’ in 1980 will attest to this fact. In 1992 Morley revisited his ‘Nationwide’ study and found that there were â€Å"totally contradictory readings of the same programme item [†¦]†. There are many criticisms of reception theories, Morley himself states that â€Å"it shows an understanding of the micro-process of consumption†¦and without reference to the broader cultural question†¦ [which is then] of only limited value† (1992, p272). Signs of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (glbt) identities are clearly shown in The Simpsons; in ‘Homer’s Phobia’ (1997, 4F11) Roscoe and his fellow workers at the ‘Springfield Steel Mill’ are openly gay and host ‘gay discos’ after working hours. The scene in the mill looks like a ‘guerrilla attack’ where hundreds of gay men have descended on the unsuspecting Simpsons to make them feel like the minority in the ‘queered space’. ‘Guerrilla tactics’ like ‘queering’ are seen in America where glbt people gather in an unsuspecting venue. The venue would commonly be frequented by mainly heterosexuals, the dominant sexual identity. With a flood of glbt patrons the glbt have changed their position to a dominant one within that space. This encourages the audience to see what it must feel like to be in the minority, but also highlights that there are other sexual identities, that heterosexuality is not superior and that gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender people live in your street, work in your factories, they have worthwhile jobs contributing to society just like heterosexual people. Queering’ extends to texts too as shown above and also in ‘Three Gays of the Condo’ (2003, EABF12) where Homer shared a room with Grady and Julio who were both openly gay. Glbt identities are also hidden, for example Judge Constance Harm is transgender in ‘The Parent Rap’ (2001, CABF22) the judge refers to ‘once being a man’. There are also the characters such as Waylon Smithers and Dewey Largo who are still in the closet and all of these stories offer viewers a little ‘queer pleasure’. In ‘My Fair Laddy’ Brunella Pommelhorst the gym teacher at Bart’s school tells her students she will return in the next semester as Mr Pommelhorst the new shop teacher (2006, HABF05). Marge’s sister Patty who ‘comes out’ to her in when Springfield became a same-sex-marriage tolerant town to bring in much needed revenue (after Bart brings it into disrepute). Agenda setting in the media is made accessible in The Simpsons and can be seen especially in ‘There’s Something about Marrying’ (2005, 16E10). Mayor Quimby in a speech says he is â€Å"happy to legalise gay money†¦ I mean ah gay marriage†. This may be in response to an article reported by Catherine Donaldson-Evans (2004) written for FOXNEWS. com that states â€Å"Recognizing same-sex couples and families as an emerging market, large corporations have begun targeting the demographic in their ads† [†¦] [the ads are] focused on the micro-lifestyles of the consumers, and same-sex families are a micro-lifestyle. † This clearly shows the emergent culture of commodification of sexual identity. ‘There’s Something About Marrying’ (2005 16E10) which is a clear intertextual reference to the film There’s something about Mary which itself may also be pointing out through the use of intertextuality the name given to Gay men i. e. ‘Marys’ or ‘little-Marys’) was it seems written in response to the controversy in America over gay marriages which was â€Å"a particularly hot topic in the US [at the moment] during election campaigning† (BBC 2004). In February 2004 â€Å"President Bush announced his support for a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage, saying he wants to stop activist judges from changing the definition of the â€Å"most enduring human institution† (Huus, 2004). This makes for a difficult position to be in as a queer viewer. Jacqueline Rose (1986) has noted, â€Å"The relationship between viewer and scene is always one of fracture, partial identification, pleasure and distrust† (p227 cited in Raymond, 2003, p100). The Simpsons are not subversive or anti-family, in fact they are probably quite conservative Homer attempts to vote for Democrat Barack Obama in ‘Treehouse of Horror XIX’ (S20E04, 2008) however the machine would not allow him and instead registered his vote for John McCain a Republican â€Å"in a humorous take on the allegations of voter fraud that [had] occurred in prior elections† (Stelter, 2008). How to cite The Simpsons Are Sociologically Savvy: a Postmodernist Perspective, Essay examples

Analysis Of the Marketing Strategies of Apple †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of the Marketing Strategies of Apple. Answer: Introduction: The essay gives a brief description of the analysis of themarketing strategies that Apple Corporation undertakes for their products in the last decade. Themarketing strategy is a game plan for a business in order to reach the customers and turning them into potential customers of the products of a company. However, the marketing strategy for Apple Corporation has been empathy. Apple Corporation CEO Steve jobs targets a strategy to bring to the customers smart phones that people think of twice before substituting it. The marketing strategy is something that has set Apple Corporation apart from the competitors and is the reason behind its huge success. There is also description of the current strategies that are to be followed in the release of the 10th anniversary model of the Apple Corporation product. The success of Apple not only lies in its standard designing of its iPhones but at the same time Steve Jobs adherence to the philosophies of the company. Certain strategies are mentioned below that has led to the success of Apple Corporation over the decades. Ignorance towards the Critics This is a common phenomenon amongst entrepreneurs to study the market based on the viewpoint of the critics. Apple Corporation however does not follow such a trend instead the company concentrates more on the development of their products irrespective of the cost. The launch of iPhone is a proof of such instance where critics failed to predict the real scenario of the market sales (Boone Kurtz, 2013). Once launched, iPhone sales shot up to four million units in 2007 in spite of many critical reviews. The figure below shows the increasing trend of iPhone sales for a certain period of time. Transforming the Ordinary into Something Extra Ordinary Most of the marketers consider a particular aspect while transforming their products into something extraordinary. However, compared to common trend Apple Corporation follows a path where it takes into consideration all aspects of the product. Makers of other smart phones take into account a single aspect of the equation while Apples tendency to consider all the aspects of the product have proved to be very beneficial for the company(Montgomerie Roscoe, 2013). While modifying the, Apple made the customers believe that it is a handheld computer with a 3.5 inch touch screen that enables making calls, writing messages and navigating through the music collection. In addition to this, the customer is also ensured adequate battery backup that allows continuous conversation for duration of seven hours with the facility of continuous retrieval of emails. Justification of Price Currently the world that one is living in has become a place where most people are unsure of charging the right price and this has resulted in situations where they opt out of using the pricing strategy. However, Apple is a company that plays completely against such norms. Apple products are priced at twice the prices of their competitors but have recorded a sale of 1.12 million units in October after its launch in 2007 (Choi et al., 2014). This because the company gives a justification of its price by bringing to the customers a Smartphone that is one of its kinds. Speaking the Language of the Audience The customers dont even understand the technicalities of a product but Apple Corporation never underestimates their customers. Therefore the company provides all information related to the products to its customers (Weinstein, 2012). Thus, one close look at the apple page and one will be able to see the product specifications and technicalities attached to the page related to the benefits of the customers. Moreover the technical jargons are mentioned in a manner that everyone can understand. Extending the Experience Apple Corporation has adopted a marketing strategy that ensures a lasting experience which means that their effect does not end with the purchase of the product. The company ensures a user experience that involves every step right from unwrapping to browsing (Kelley, 2016). Moreover, their incredible packaging and brilliant installation also ensures experiences that last for a lifetime. Development of Tribe The fan base of Apple is immense and it tops the list amongst its competitors. Apple knows the fact that they cater to elite class customers and proudly embraces the fact rather than shying away from it. Making a Name for Itself The feel among the customers that Apple wants to create is that they do not own a smart phone but something known as an iphone, a device that is more than what a Smartphone is (Katie, 2012). Even the company is not satisfied with its top position in the market and is therefore looking forward to owning the market through its high end technical products. Apple products with its unique features are considered one of its kinds. There have been various speculations about the launch of the tenth anniversary model of Iphone. However, Apple Corporation is abiding by its marketing strategies for the launch of its new version. Critical reviews and various other predictions are being made about the launch of the new version but the company has decided to remain silent and put an end to the various speculations.There has been predictions about the naming of the 10 anniversary model which could be iphone 7s, 7s plus or 8. Some critics are of the view that it might as well be called as iphone X. However, the company will reveal the reality only after its release. The release date is however kept under wraps. Although people are predicting that the following the earlier trend the release date would be sometime around early September 2017. Apple Corporation is however trying to transform and bring out something extraordinary. Therefore, the design is predicted to be an all -glass model wireless charging. Moreover, the 10 th anniversary product of Apple Corporation will make a switch to stainless steel model from the earlier aluminum construction as per the speculations by the various sources. The model is predicted to have a dual camera and a new processor. Therefore, Apple with bring to its customer a product that will give a justification of the price. There is also speculation that the 10th anniversary model might have IOS 11 software and the display would also increase to 5.5 inch. Although all are predictions but the reality will only be revealed once the product is launched. Thus, whatever is the case but Apple Corporation will not deviate from its marketing strategies. Conclusion: The essay however concludes on the note that there are various speculations about the launch of the 10th anniversary iphone but it is understood that the company will stick to its marketing strategies in the promotion of its future products. There is also discussion about the analysis of the company based on the marketing strategies. References: Alsac-Seitz, B. Smart Apps for Smart Appetites. IDEA Food and Nutrition Tips (Nov-Dec. 2012), 21. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013). Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Choi, J., Li, Y. J., Rangan, P., Chatterjee, P., Singh, S. N. (2014). The odd-ending price justification effect: the influence of price-endings on hedonic and utilitarian consumption. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(5), 545-557. D'Orazio, C., Choo, K. K. R. (2016). An adversary model to evaluate DRM protection of video contents on iOS devices. Computers Security, 56, 94-110. Katie, J. (2012). Critical marketing audit: The case of Apple Inc. Kelley, J. (2016). Developing for Apple Watch: Create Native watchOS Apps with the WatchKit SDK. Montgomerie, J., Roscoe, S. (2013, December). Owning the consumerGetting to the core of the Apple business model. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 290-299). Elsevier. Weinstein, A. (2012). Superior Customer Value: Strategies for winning and retaining customers. CRC Press.

Six Elements of Theatre Essays - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

Six Elements of Theatre Two different roles I play in my day-to-day life include loving mother and dedicated hard working employee. These two are the most prominent roles that influence and impact my actions and reactions to situations and conversations. The following are six elements of the theatre and how my roles are incorporated: Actor~ Any mother will tell you that it is a full-time job to be a mother. That is most certainly true under normal circumstances, but even more in my life situation. I am a single parent of a child with Autism/Asperger Syndrome, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) named Lance, so not only am I his full-time mother but I am my child advocate for his unique and individual needs in all aspects of his life. Parenting a child with disabilities presents challenges that can be difficult and straining even on a strong family, but when you are presented these challenges by yourself if when you realize what you are made of and how strong one can really be. My life goal is helping my child have a fulfilling and meaningful life and with that my day-to-day activities reflect that. Our lives are extremely structured to help with stability and transitioning. Same with a job, my weeks are planed out with schedules, instructions and of course I allow time for the unexpected. In this role of my life, my act is to direct the course of my son and I lead. Having a lifestyle that is so organized and structured had definitely played a part in my work ethic as well. I would consider myself to be a truly dedicated and hard working employee and often going above and beyond. Currently I am the Accounts Payable Clerk at the hospital in my home town. Since I have been there I have streamlined many aspects for the accounts payable system and revamped forms and procedures to make them more user-friendly and relevant. I really take the process as a whole into prospective and also take the time to understand other departments that are directly affected by accounts payable so that I can positively update processes and procedures. In this role of my life, my act is to perform at the high standard I can in my work environment so that it will only positively impact my future. Audience~ As a mother my audience ends to primarily be my son and immediate family. How I communicate with my son tends to be simple, positive and easy non-verbal communication, where as with the rest of my family I can use more complex communication. My audience at work includes, but not limited to co-workers, vendors and customers/patients. My communication with my work audience is more formal and professional then in my everyday personal life. It is important for me to speak clearly and distinctly while maintaining a positive attitude and non-verbal communication in my work environment because it helps with effectiveness and reciprocation. Stage~ Home is my primary stage when it comes to being a loving mother. My stage can change at any point throughout the day depending on where we are such as doctor appointments, friends/family homes, etc. My stage tends to be more informal and comfortable in nature. The hospital is my stage at work. It is professional in nature and doesn?t vary much from day-to-day. Script~ You would think that with me trying to be so organized and structured in my home life as a single mother that my life script would be pretty predictable, it is anything but. I am very organized and structured so that it can help me with the unpredictable. Having a special child like Lance it is more like the unpredictable is about the only thing to predict. Considering my work environment, my script is fairly routine. The first thing I look at when I get to work is the new invoices I have received in my in-box. I then code the invoices by department and expense type. While doing this I make sure there are no discrepancies or anything out of the ordinary before they get sent to department supervisors for approval. Invoices I have received back from departmental approval I then enter into the accounts

What is the iconography of Angkor Wat Essay Example

What is the iconography of Angkor Wat Essay Example What is the iconography of Angkor Wat Essay What is the iconography of Angkor Wat Essay Essay Topic: Empire Falls An iconography is a term used in history that is used describes a branch of history which involves the study, interpretation, identification and description of the contents of images. In simple terms the term iconography is derived from a Greek word which literally means the study of image writings. The iconography of the Angkor Wat is therefore, a description of the history, the images, the architecture and the features of the Angkor wat temple found in Cambodia. The Angkor Wat is a type of a very complex temple found at a place known as Angkor in Cambodia (Latinis, 2003, 367). This temple was initially constructed by the king who reigned those days Sir Suryavarman back in the 12th century. It is one of the best preserved temples in the city and it was merely constructed to be used as the king’s state temple and the capital city.However, it one of its kind and it has remained to be the most significant religious site since its construction. The Angkor Wat temple is located wi thin the midst of other temple structures within the Capital city of Cambodia. The initial features of the temple including the design and construction were first launched during the 12th century at the eve and reign of king Suryavarman Initially the design and construction of the temple was dedicated to the Vishnu and it was actually established to serve the king as his main capital city and state temple (Bernard, 2006, 412). Up to today there has been no architectural inscriptions or foundations associated with the temple that have been found. In addition, the original name of the temple remains unknown to many. The name Vrah Vishnulok might have been an assumption to the original name of the temple that was put forward by a reliable deity.After the fall and death of king Suryavarman II, the construction work of the temple also collapsed leaving the bas-relief unfinished and even undecorated. The Khmer kings there after indulged into a massive construction and building and took th e temple up to its toll by engaging populations which were working   for the state   as virtual slave laborers .In addition, the military conquests highly supported king Khmer   thus expanding his empire and power. After a period of 27 years after the death of king Suryavarman the traditional enemies of Khmer known as Cham invaded his territory leading to his collapse (Latinis, 2003, 369). After some time he was succeeded by sir Jayavarman VII who later restored the empire and consequently established the temple as his capital city and state temple.At the eve of the 13th century, the king Sir Javarman VII decided to transform the empire from Hindu to Buddhism. The process of transforming the empire from Hinduism to Buddhism was relatively easy for the king since majority of the civilians were tied of the constant political clashes resulting to the frequent down falls and collapse of the territories. However, these people were hungry for a change and the desire to have a consta nt faith to rely on that offered tranquility without the urge and desire for power and material gain. As a result of this conflict Angkor Wat was finally transformed from Hindu to Theravada use by the Buddhist (sacredsites.com/asia/cambodia/angkor_wat.html).The architectural, design and the plan of the temple is a unique one that can however, not be described on paper using a pen. Its refinements, decorations and towers are beyond the human comprehension. The standard design of the temple plus the unique combination of the temple Mountain and addition, the empire’s state temple were features that were highly influences by the Chola, Orissa and the Tamil Nadu people of India. It was also believed that the temple represented the Mount Meru of Kenya which was highly accorded as the original homeland for the gods.The central quincunx forming the towers is a clear representation of the five peaks forming the mountain, including the moat and the walls which surround the ocean and t he mountain ranges. The style of the temple is a classical representation designed by the Khmer architectures. During the 12 century, majority of the architects in the Khmer empire had become skillfully oriented in using and shaping the sandstone for construction purpose as the only available resource for buildings and constructions. The most prominent and most visible features of the Angkor wat temple are made up of sandstone blocks. Laterite was however, used in most cases for making the hidden structural areas and for the outer walls (Bernard, 2006, 415). However, the agent that was used in the process of bidding blocks together has never been identified till today although some experts’ belief in some slaked lime and resins to have been used.The design of the Angkor Wat has drawn much praise for the harmony and organization of its features which can only be matched with the ancient architects of the Roman Empire. Consequently, the precise arrangement of its portions and f ine balancing of its elements greatly signifies the works of unity, power and style. The elements forming its structure greatly symbolize the Ogival, which were some sort of redented towers which were shaped like the lotus buds. There were galleries that were half shaped that were used to broaden the pathways consequently with axial galleries which mainly connected the cruciform terraces and the enclosure which also appeared along the axis of the temple. The style also encompassed typical decorative features especially on the pediments and the bas- relief. The Angkor Wat sanctuary is however,   believed to be   static, conservative and less graceful. The temple has got unique complex features which are beyond human comprehension.The walls are great surrounded by moat and aprons of open grounds. The entrance to the temple is by use of an earth bank entrance that appears to the east and a sandstone causeway directed to the west. At each cardinal point there are gopuras towers. The western region is estimated to be the largest with three ruined towers. Towards the southern end of the temple there exists another tower which forms a statute of Vishnu which is said to be the central most shrine of the temple. Between the towers there exist various galleries forming two other entrances on either sides of the gopura. The galleries take the form of square shaped pillars forming the outer walls. The pillars and the ceilings are carefully decorated with lotus with dancing figures appearing on the face, prancing animals and balustered windows. The outer walls are however, large enclosing a large mass of land which was said to be the space occupied by the city and consequently the king’s royal palace (sacredsites.com/asia/cambodia/angkor_wat.html).The central structure of the Angkor Wat is built on a terrace that is placed on a higher level than the city. It is however, constructed using three rectangular galleries  Ã‚   which are raise towards the central mos t towers with each level appearing at a higher level than the previous one. It is believed that these galleries were specifically dedicated to the Kings Brahma, Vishnu and the Moon respectively. Majority of these features in the temple are set facing east leaving enough space to be occupied by enclosures. The temple is preciously decorated with predominate features forming the bas – relief and friezes.The inner walls of the gallery form a large scale series of scenes mainly referring to the Hindu episodes and epics. These scenes have been branded as the greatest scenes of linear arrangement of stone carvings. It is also believed that very high profile skills were used in the construction of the temple. Stones which appeared as smooth polished marbles were used. They were skillfully and carefully laid down to form the base without mortar held together by very strong joints that were hard to get. Tenon joints were also used to hold the blocks together with gravity and dovetails (Latinis, 2003, 374). Generally the monument was built of pure sand stone just like pyramids of Egypt.Great transformations have been made today making the site a tourist resource center. Many of the indigenous resources that were hard to find have been robbed out while others decaying gracefully with time. However, the Angkor wat temple remains to be one of its kind till today.Work CitedAngkor Wat, Cambodia. Retrieved on 15th May 2009 from, sacredsites.com/asia/cambodia/angkor_wat.htmlBernard Timothy. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol.37, 2006; pp.410-426Latinis Kyle. Anqkor Wat:   A Royal Temple. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol.34, 2003; pp.365-380

America Must Drill for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

America has to drill oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary Drilling oil in the arctic wildlife sanctuary is a very controversial topic. On the other hand, although There are people who want to drilling oil in order to help our economy, on the other hand, environmental protection advocates and Alaska Natives do not want to destroy their land. Our economy needs help; oil prices continue to rise, natural gas prices reach a record level, and the US is too dependent on foreign trade. Alaska drilling oil will solve these problems. In the United States, for the Arctic Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) You will need to carry out oil drilling drug addicts, is the best solution for the drug addicts, it is to make to slowly withdraw the drug. At the same time America can see dependence on oil. The United States, reduce slowly overwhelming dependence on foreign oil, in order to help find another process of large-scale energy, we need a different oil sources. - The Arctic Circle is a paradise of sno w with diverse species and beautiful scenery. Also, it is caused by oil of 13% to 25% of undiscovered crude worldwide, about 90 billion barrels average on average (Gerkens, 2014). In particular, Alaska is one of the largest oil sources in the United States. It is believed to be more than 411.2 billion barrels of oil and 132 trillion cubic feet of natural gas under barren land and ice water. Oil drilling the United States in Alaska Wildlife Refuge is located in the northern part of northern Alaska, boasts 19 million acres of wide, rejected the oil business plan, is necessary to protect the Arctic Wildlife Refuge forever Yes. . National Wildlife System Arctic evacuation centers have always been considered an unparalleled place of natural beauty and ecologically important. It is a controversial topic to establish an Arctic shelter and protect the offshore oil wells as oil leaks may cause huge damage to the environment. In countries where oil can be extracted from the ocean, in addition to reducing dependence on external oils, economic benefits can be gained. Offshore drilling is a major benefit for these countries, but there is no conflict, but the environmental impact of the outflow affects the economic well-being of neighboring residents. Drilling oil from the Alaska Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary (ANWR) is a serious problem for environmentalists and the future of the United States. Whether Arctic National Wildlife Sanctuary should start oil extraction. In this article I will explain whether to allow oil extraction to the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve. This also shows the environmental impact and I will present a critical analysis of the current excavation problem. - Preparation of the feasibility study of Kansas central protuberance for the intended use in a random decision tree analysis of a new drilling program. Operating Company Texas Midland Note - A brief description of the TTU Seal in the background My Master Project Includes Kansas Central Propen sity Exploration Program Feasibility Study

Presenting the Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presenting the Budget - Essay Example The payment of taxes is evident in all countries. The amount of taxes increase or decrease as the tax regimes changes over the years. The tax percentage is set by the government so as to take care of the deficit that prevails in the economy. From the Five Year Financial Plan it is observed that the taxes payment is expected to rise over the years from 2012 to 2016 (New York City, 2012). This is an implication that general property and other taxes will increase with rise in number of households in New York City. Other taxes include the taxes paid by the employees of different organizations, taxes paid by the general small stores and large business. With the increase in number of business and stores the other taxes will rise at a great extent. The sub-total taxes will thus rise automatically with the passage of time. The revenue that is collected by New York City are also predicted, however the amount is expected to decrease of the years. The reason behind this decrease can be portraye d as the fluctuating exchange rate and bank rates. The saturated disposable income of the people in New York can also be a vital reason for the decrease in miscellaneous revenue of the city. The intra-city revenue is deducted from the total miscellaneous revenue so as to highlight the decrease or increase of the available fund for the city welfare (Page, 2013). The other categorical funds and inter-fund revenues are very important, these values are mandatory for the development of the city. The Federal and state Categorical Grants are also mandatory for the city as it governs the welfare of the city. It can be predicted that the total revenue of the city will increase over the years (New York City, 2012). Expenditure is evident to take place in every household and it is expected that it will rise over the years as the needs and demand of the individuals are changing with the passage of time. The demand for new product or